Augustus Ceasar essays

Augustus Ceasar essays Two of the most destructive problems facing the late Roman Republic were the instability and disunity caused by incessant civil wars. Rome's rapid expansion, after the Punic Wars, resulted in socioeconomic changes that permanently divided the state. Both aristocratic and plebeian parties sought total control of Rome and tried to destroy each other. Civil war was the continuation of party politics by other means. Consequently, the power of the military became supreme. Control of Rome's armies steadily shifted away from the legitimate government to the generals because the soldiers began to give their allegiance to their generals rather than to the civil authorities. On dismissal from military service, the legionnaires had no farms to return to, and they depended entirely on whatever land and money their generals could provide since the government was unwilling or unable to supply veterans with livelihoods. Thus, the generals became autonomous centers of power. The general who dominate d the strongest army ruled the state. Repeated power struggles of these military strongmen ignited more civil wars that further undermined the stability and unity of the late Roman Republic. Augustus saw how divisive to the Roman polity civil war was. He understood that control of the legions by the civil government was necessary for the establishment of peace and order throughout the Roman Empire. He wanted to reorganize and institute changes in the military to assure that it would not rise again in support of some triumphant general to challenge the legitimacy of the state. Since warfare within the Empire was eliminated, the role of the legions changed. Its main objectives consisted in protecting the borders from foreign foes and pacifying conquered lands through the gradual introduction of the Roman language, law, administration, and engineering. Augustus' priority was to reduce the number of the legions from 60 to 28, settling in the process more than 1...

How Quick-Dry Nail Polish Works

How Quick-Dry Nail Polish Works A lot of science goes into quick-drying nail polish products. Have you ever wondered which quick-dry products work and how they dry your nails faster? Heres how it works. How Quick-Drying Nail Polish Works Quick-drying nail polish contains the same ingredients as regular nail polish, except it, has even more solvent. The solvent evaporates quickly, reducing your drying time. Disadvantages Faster drying comes at a price. Since there is more solvent than usual, quick-drying formulations tend to be runnier than regular polish and leave behind a thinner coat of polish. Usually, a second film forming ingredient (copolymer) is added to quick drying formulations so that they will form a coat in a short amount of time. Some people feel the quick polishes produce a duller or weaker coat than you would get from regular polish. Other Quick Dry Products Quick-drying nail polish isnt the only route to a fast finish. There are other quick-dry products, such as sprays or drops that you apply over the polish to make it dry almost instantly. These products typically contain volatile silicones which evaporate fast, taking the polish solvent along with them. The top film of the polish forms almost immediately, so youre less likely to smudge your nails. Depending on how thick the polish is, you may still need a few minutes to get a good hard set that wont dent under pressure.